Sechinhu chakakosha munzvimbo ye-tembiricha yeindasitiri, magadzirirwo ezvigadzirwa zvedhakaramiki zvinosanganisa sainzi, thermodynamics uye tekinoroji yekugadzira chaiyo.Kubva pakusarudzwa kwezvinhu kusvika kune chigadzirwa chekupedzisira, nhanho imwe neimwe inokanganisa zvakananga midziyo yayo senge tembiricha yekukwira, kusaora uye hupenyu hwesevhisi. Ichi chinyorwa chichaongorora zvakadzama magadzirirwo ekugadzira zvidhori zvinoramba zvichibatsira vashandi vekutengeserana kunze kwenyika uye vatengi veindasitiri kuti vave nekunzwisisa kwakadzama kwezvinhu izvi zvakakosha.
Kugadzirira kwezvinhu zvakasvibirira: kuchena kwakanyanya uye kuenzana kwakanatswa
Hwaro hwemarambi anorasika ndeepamusoro-zvemhando yezvigadzirwa. Zvakajairika zvigadzirwa zvinosanganisira zvicherwa zvechisikigo senge bauxite, silica, uye magnesia. Zvishandiso izvi zvinoda kupwanywa, kuvhuniwa uye kukwizwa kuti ive yunifomu saizi. Zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvepamusoro-zvinoisawo zvinowedzerwa zvakaita se zirconium oxide nesilicon carbide kuti zvivandudze zvinhu, senge thermal shock resistance kana mechanical simba. Iko kuchena kwezvinhu zvakasvibirira kunobata zvakananga iyo microstructure mushure mekuita sintering, saka iyo isina kuchena yemukati inoda kunyatsodzorwa.
Molding tekinoroji: kubva paupfu kusvika kune yakasvibira muviri
Mushure mokunge zvinhu zvakasanganiswa zvakasanganiswa, zvinoda kupiwa chimiro chavo chekutanga kuburikidza nekugadzirisa. Nzira dzakajairika dzekuumba dzinosanganisira:
Kudzvanya molding: Inokodzera zvigadzirwa zvine maumbirwo akajairwa, senge zvidhinha kana pombi, hupfu hunotsikirirwa mumuviri wakasvibira pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya.
Slip jekiseni molding: Inoshandiswa kune yakaoma zvimiro zvikamu, iyo slurry inobaiwa muforoma uye yobva yapera mvura uye kusimba.
Isostatic pressing: Hupfu hwakamisikidzwa zvakaenzana nekutsikirira kwemvura, yakakodzera kune yakakwira-zvikamu zvekushanda.
Muviri wakasvibira mushure mekuumbwa kunoda kuomeswa kuti ubvise unyoro uye urege kuputika panguva yekupisa.
Sintering: Shanduko yemaitiro pakupisa kwakanyanya
Sintering ndiyo musimboti chinongedzo mukugadzira refractory ceramics. Muviri wakasvibira unosangana nekuita kwenyama nekemikari munzvimbo yakakwirira-yemoto wekushisa pa1200 degrees kusvika 1800 degree, uye zvimedu zvinosanganiswa nekunyunguduka kana kusimba kwechikamu kuita chiumbwa chakakora. Iwo akakosha maparamita eiyo sintering process anosanganisira tembiricha curve, kudzora mhepo (senge oxidizing kana kuderedza nharaunda) uye kubata nguva. Tekinoroji dzemazuva ano senge plasma sintering kana microwave sintering inogona kuwedzera mashandisiro esimba uye kuita kwechigadzirwa.
Post-kugadziriswa uye kuongorora kunaka
Iyo sintered ceramics ingangoda kutemwa, kukwenenzverwa kana kuvharwa pamusoro. Kuongororwa kwakasimba kwemhando kunosanganisira density kuyedzwa, kupisa kwekuwedzera coefficient kuyerwa uye kupisa kutyisa kuramba kuyedzwa kuona kuti zvigadzirwa zvinosangana nemazinga epasi rose (senge ASTM kana ISO).
Kuumbwa kwerefractory ceramics musanganiswa wesainzi uye tekinoroji. Nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji, nzvimbo dzayo dzekushandisa dziri kuwedzera kubva kusimbi uye makemikari indasitiri kune simba idzva uye aerospace, uye mukana wemusika wakakura. Kunzwisisa maitiro aya kunogona kubatsira makambani ekutengeserana ekunze kunyatsozadzisa zvinodiwa nevatengi uye kukurudzira kubatana kwenyika.
